On Various Organs and Related Fungal Infections

WHAT AND HOW?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS CoV-2) is a threatened viral pandemic in world-wide, arised due to (+) ve single stranded retrovirus affecting human host entered through the ACE-2 (Angiotensin converting enzyme -2 receptor). This ACE 2 receptor found in all vital visceral organs in the human body namely Brain, heart, respiratory system, kidney, reproductive system, Gastro intestinal tract, muscles and bone marrow (RE system) in their aspects because they have high expression of so called receptors. Hence it cause various clinical conditions finally leads to death.

COVID ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

As mentioned earlier, corona virus effect on upper and lower respiratory system causing mild to severe conditions. Mild conditions include sneezing, coughing, fever, breathlessness, and severe conditions including pneumonia. The attack of virus on this

receptor situates around the sensory nerves leads to loss of smell and taste in patients. When the viral particles multiply on the walls of alveolar tissue, overproduction of cytokine and other mediators will produce as a part of inflammatory responses. Hence the alveolar tissue get filled with fluid causing breathing difficulties severely leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pneumonia finally leads to death. Assisted ventilator technology is needed in this situation.

COVID ON CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Circulatory system includes heart, blood and blood vessels. Myocardium also having high expression of ACE-2 receptors. So the viral infection leads to coronary artery diseases due to atherosclerosis. Platelet aggregation is another complication of covid 19 because of adherence of platelet on the endothelium and release of chemical mediators and free radicals further attracts platelets forming plaque. This plaque is responsible for the various cardiac related issues like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and even stroke.

COVID ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Covid will affect CNS causing dysfunction of nerves and neurotransmitters. So the patient will suffer different mental -intelligent issues like loss of learning and memory, depression, suicidal thinking. coordination of routine activity etc.

COVID ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Affected patients have loss of appetite, vomiting. indigestion, sometimes diarrhoea. Malabsorption of vitamins and nutrients will cause deficiency disorders along with impaired immunity. This condition is the major risk factor of this viral infection. Uncontrolled use of the antibiotic will cause destruction of intestinal microbial flora, this in turn reduce the homeostasis of nutrients in circulation. These are the prime concern in fungal infections.

The patients with major hepatic failure, intestinal bowel disorders will severely affect because of low level of immunity and inability of proper digestion and metabolism.

Beta cells on pancreas are regulating the serum glucose level. Pathogenic infection will cause destruction of beta cells, leads to hyperglycaemia. The patients with diabetes mellitus will suffer insulin resistance are the second major risk factor of the impairment of immunity.

ON EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Excretory system also affected by this pandemic like said kidney also having high expression of ACE-2 receptors. so the patients will suffer kidney related disorders like pre-post renal failures. Studies also found that the presence of viral RNA even in faeces eliminated by the infected person, hence immediate use of toilets and washroom just after the patients will cause its spreading because the surrounding atmosphere probably contaminated by the pathogen.

ON REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Attack of viral particle on reproductive system is shortly mentioned earlier. But in real, SARS COV-2 also affects this system of both male and The presence of RNA on semen is also be found. Female patients with covid show irregular menstruation and also affect their sexual activity on both genders.

BONE AND JOINTS

Bone marrow is the stem cells for the production of blood cells and other blood components. WBC will perform the major role in fighting against pathogens

which are trying to enter into body. Daily intake of nutrients and minerals will boost the production of these cells. Unavailability of sufficient nutrients will impair its production leads weakens the immune system.

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the major auto immune disorder affecting the joints. The patients having such clinical condition have to administer a kind of immune suppressants, eventually fell down the immunity are also be susceptible.

PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANCY

Cancerous patients will take a lot of medication at a time including radiations and surgery. Their body homeostasis is extremely vary from that of healthy human including their power to fight against pathogens. This is mainly due to the administration of immunosuppressants like corticosteroids.

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

A class of fungal infection has been arised during this pandemic period, that is black fungus, white fungus, yellow fungus & green fungus.

Black fungus: mucormycosis

White fungus: aspergillus, candida albicans

These fungal infections affect the epithelium of the tissue and pierced into the blood vessel of the inner part. It will leads to the formation of clot and block the further transport of body fluids. This condition is known as Ischemia. Surgical removal of that particular area is the only one option in this situation.

GREEN WAY TO AVOID SARS COV-2

As mentioned earlier, immunity is the primary concern to avoid this pandemic.

So boost the immunity by taking:

• Vitamin rich fruits and vegetables like, carrot, spinach, etc.
• Drink sufficient quantity of water.
• Maintain alkaline diet like ginger, turmeric etc.
• Proper intake of Vitamic C sources like orange, lemon etc.
• Reduce intake of carbohydrate rich food because of insulin resistance.
• Sound sleep (it will reduce the outbreak of cytokine storm).
• Reduce cholesterol rich fast -junk foods.
• Practice exercise or yoga